Franz Josef Land is an archipelago, far north of Russia in the Arctic Ocean, roughly 600 miles from the North Pole, between 80 and 82 degrees north latitude. Sparse settlements on the islands are mainly for research and military purposes, and access to the islands is only possible over a few weeks in the summer by ship (a special permit is required to visit the islands, which are under Russian authority).
How much ice is there in the winter versus the summer?
How can we use the ice to study past climate and make predictions about future climate?
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